The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is set to make a close approach to Jupiter's irregular moon, Eupheme, on March 17, 2026. This event is significant as it could potentially lead to the discovery of a new moon around Jupiter, bringing the total count to 96. However, the question arises: will 3I/ATLAS add a new satellite to Jupiter's family? The answer lies in the object's gravitational trajectory and its potential to release daughter objects into bound orbits around Jupiter. These small objects can become gravitationally bound to Jupiter if they receive a kick that cancels the relative motion between 3I/ATLAS and Jupiter. The relative speed at closest approach will be approximately 66 kilometers per second, which is a significant velocity for a comet. The challenge lies in the fact that a break-up of a natural astrophysical object much less massive than Jupiter cannot result in a velocity kick as high as 66 kilometers per second. The escape speed from Jupiter's surface is 60 kilometers per second, and gravitational break-up of smaller bodies cannot generate fragments moving at speeds exceeding the parent's escape speed. Therefore, the required kick must be highly fine-tuned, and the encounter's outcome will be closely monitored by the Juno spacecraft and Earth's largest telescopes. The author, Avi Loeb, invites readers to stay curious and get their popcorn ready as they await the results of this celestial event.
